% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: yes}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{environ}
\usepackage[showframe=true]{geometry}

\newsavebox{\vabox}

\NewEnviron{verticallyaligned}{%
	% temporarily set \vamaxheight to nothing during the measurements
	\let\vamaxheight\relax
	% measure the height of the body
	\begin{lrbox}{\vabox}
		\BODY%
	\end{lrbox}%
	% set the height of the minipage box
	\newlength{\vamaxheight}
	\setlength{\vamaxheight}{\ht\vabox}
	% output the body, which now contains the new height :)
	\noindent\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\mbox{}\hfill\BODY\hfill\mbox{}}%
}

\begin{document}

\sbox{\vabox}{%
	\begin{minipage}[b][][b]{.10\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
	\end{minipage}%
	\begin{minipage}[b][][t]{.15\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
	\end{minipage}%
	\begin{minipage}[b][][t]{.20\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}
	\end{minipage}%
	\begin{minipage}[b][][c]{.10\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
	\end{minipage}%
	\begin{minipage}[b][][t]{.20\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
	\end{minipage}%
}%

\noindent
\begin{minipage}[b][\ht\vabox][b]{.10\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
\end{minipage}%
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b][\ht\vabox][t]{.15\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
\end{minipage}%
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b][\ht\vabox][t]{.20\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}
\end{minipage}%
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b][\ht\vabox][c]{.10\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
\end{minipage}%
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b][\ht\vabox][t]{.20\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
\end{minipage}%
\par\lipsum


\begin{verticallyaligned}
	\noindent\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][b]{.30\textwidth}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
	\end{minipage}%
	\hfill
	\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.10\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-b}
	\end{minipage}%
	\hfill
	\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image-c}
	\end{minipage}%
	\hfill
	\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.20\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
	\end{minipage}%
	\hfill
	\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.20\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
	\end{minipage}%
\end{verticallyaligned}

\lipsum[1]

\begin{figure}
	\begin{verticallyaligned}
		\noindent\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][c]{.50\textwidth}
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
		\caption{}
		\end{minipage}%
		\hfill
		\begin{minipage}[b][\vamaxheight][t]{.40\textwidth}
			\centering
			\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example-image}
			\caption{}
		\end{minipage}%
	\end{verticallyaligned}
	\caption{}
\end{figure}

\end{document}
