# Shorewall Installation and Upgrade

### Tom Eastep

Copyright © 2001-, 2006 Thomas M. Eastep

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

2006-06-12

### Caution

This article applies to Shorewall 3.0 and later. If you are installing or upgradeing to a version of Shorewall earlier than Shorewall 3.0.0 then please see the documentation for that release.

### Important

Before attempting installation, I strongly urge you to read and print a copy of the Shorewall QuickStart Guide for the configuration that most closely matches your own.

### Important

Before upgrading, be sure to review the Upgrade Issues.

### Note

Shorewall RPMs are signed. To avoid warnings such as the following

    warning: shorewall-3.0.1-1.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 6c562ac4

download the Shorewall GPG key and run this command:

    rpm --import shorewall.gpg.key

## Install using RPM

To install Shorewall using the RPM:

1. Be sure that you have the correct RPM package!

   The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is known to work with SUSE™, Power PPC™, Trustix™ and TurboLinux™. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for RedHat/Fedora™ and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for Mandriva™. All of these are available from the download page.

   If you try to install the wrong package, it probably won't work.

2. Install the RPM

       rpm -ivh <shorewall rpm>

   ### Caution

   Some users are in the habit of using the rpm -U command for installing packages as well as for updating them. If you use that command when installing the Shorewall RPM then you will have to manually enable Shorewall startup at boot time by running chkconfig, insserv or whatever utility you use to manipulate you init symbolic links.

   ### Note

   Some SUSE™ users have encountered a problem whereby rpm reports a conflict with kernel <= 2.2 even though a 2.4 kernel is installed. If this happens, simply use the --nodeps option to rpm.

       rpm -ivh --nodeps <shorewall rpm>

   ### Note

   Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately, some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the installation of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:

       error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-2.2.x-1

   This problem should not occur if you are using the correct RPM package (see 1., above) but may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of rpm.

       rpm -ivh --nodeps <shorewall rpm>

3. Edit the configuration files to match your configuration.

   ### Warning

   YOU CAN NOT SIMPLY INSTALL THE RPM AND ISSUE A “shorewall start” COMMAND. SOME CONFIGURATION IS REQUIRED BEFORE THE FIREWALL WILL START. IF YOU ISSUE A “start” COMMAND AND THE FIREWALL FAILS TO START, YOUR SYSTEM WILL NO LONGER ACCEPT ANY NETWORK TRAFFIC. IF THIS HAPPENS, ISSUE A “shorewall clear” COMMAND TO RESTORE NETWORK CONNECTIVITY.

4. Enable startup by removing `/etc/shorewall/startup_disabled` (If you are running Shorewall 2.1.3 or later, edit /`etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf` and set STARTUP_ENABLED to Yes).

5. Start the firewall by typing

       shorewall start

## Install using tarball

To install Shorewall using the tarball and install script:

1. unpack the tarball (tar -zxf shorewall-x.y.z.tgz).

2. cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in “shorewall-3.0.0”).

3. Type:

       ./install.sh

4. Edit the configuration files to match your configuration.

5. Enable Startup by editing `/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf` and set STARTUP_ENABLED=Yes.

6. Start the firewall by typing

       shorewall start

7. If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be started automatically at boot, see these instructions.

## Install the .lrp

To install my version of Shorewall on a fresh Bering disk, simply replace the “shorwall.lrp” file on the image with the file that you downloaded. For example, if you download `shorewall-lrp-2.2.0.tgz` then you will rename the file to `shorwall.lrp` and replace the file by that name on the Bering disk with the new file. Then proceed to configure Shorewall as described in the Bering (or Bering uClibc) documentation.

## Install the .deb

### Important

Once you have installed the .deb package and before you attempt to configure Shorewall, please heed the advice of Lorenzo Martignoni, the Shorewall Debian Maintainer:

“For more information about Shorewall usage on Debian system please look at /usr/share/doc/shorewall/README.Debian provided by [the] shorewall Debian package.”

The easiest way to install Shorewall on Debian, is to use apt-get:

apt-get install shorewall

To ensure that you are installing the latest version of Shorewall, please modify your `/etc/apt/preferences` file as described here.

Once you have completed configuring Shorewall, you can enable startup at boot time by setting startup=1 in `/etc/default/shorewall`.

## General Notes about Upgrading Shorewall

Most problems associated with upgrades come from two causes:

- The user didn't read and follow the migration considerations in the release notes (these are also reproduced in the Shorewall Upgrade Issues).

- The user mis-handled the `/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf` file during upgrade. Shorewall is designed to allow the default behavior of the product to evolve over time. To make this possible, the design assumes that you will not replace your current shorewall.conf file during upgrades. It is recommended that after you first install Shorewall that you modify `/etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf` so as to prevent your package manager from overwriting it during subsequent upgrades (since the addition of STARTUP_ENABLED, such modification is assured since you must manually change the setting of that option). If you feel absolutely compelled to have the latest comments and options in your shorewall.conf then you must proceed carefully. You should determine which new options have been added and you must reset their value (e.g. OPTION=""); otherwise, you will get different behavior from what you expect.

## Upgrade using RPM

If you already have the Shorewall RPM installed and are upgrading to a new version:

1. Be sure that you have the correct RPM package!

   The standard RPM package from shorewall.net and the mirrors is known to work with SUSE™, Power PPC, Trustix and TurboLinux. There is also an RPM package provided by Simon Matter that is tailored for RedHat/Fedora and another package from Jack Coates that is customized for Mandriva. If you try to upgrade using the wrong package, it probably won't work.

2. Upgrade the RPM

       rpm -Uvh <shorewall rpm file>

   ### Note

   Some SUSE™ users have encountered a problem whereby rpm reports a conflict with kernel <= 2.2 even though a 2.4 kernel is installed. If this happens, simply use the --nodeps option to rpm.

       rpm -Uvh --nodeps <shorewall rpm>

   ### Note

   Beginning with Shorewall 1.4.0, Shorewall is dependent on the iproute package. Unfortunately, some distributions call this package iproute2 which will cause the upgrade of Shorewall to fail with the diagnostic:

       error: failed dependencies:iproute is needed by shorewall-1.4.0-1

   This may be worked around by using the --nodeps option of rpm.

       rpm -Uvh --nodeps <shorewall rpm>

3. See if there are any incompatibilities between your configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as necessary.

       shorewall check

4. Restart the firewall.

       shorewall restart

## Upgrade using tarball

If you already have Shorewall installed and are upgrading to a new version using the tarball:

1. unpack the tarball.

       tar -zxf shorewall-x.y.z.tgz

2. cd to the shorewall directory (the version is encoded in the directory name as in “shorewall-3.0.1”).

3. Type:

       ./install.sh

4. See if there are any incompatibilities between your configuration and the new Shorewall version and correct as necessary.

       shorewall check

5. Start the firewall by typing

       shorewall start

6. If the install script was unable to configure Shorewall to be started automatically at boot, see these instructions.

## Upgrade the .lrp

The following was contributed by Charles Steinkuehler on the Leaf mailing list:

> It's *VERY* simple...just put in a new CD and reboot! :-) Actually, I'm only slightly kidding...that's exactly how I upgrade my prodution firewalls. The partial backup feature I added to Dachstein allows configuration data to be stored seperately from the rest of the package.

> Once the config data is seperated from the rest of the package, it's an easy matter to upgrade the pacakge while keeping your current configuration (in my case, just inserting a new CD and re-booting).

> Users who aren't running with multiple package paths and using partial backups can still upgrade a package, it just takes a bit of extra work. The general idea is to use a partial backup to save your configuration, replace the package, and restore your old configuration files. Step-by-step instructions for one way to do this (assuming a conventional single-floppy LEAF system) would be:

> - Make a backup copy of your firewall disk ('NEW'). This is the disk you will add the upgraded package(s) to.

> - Format a floppy to use as a temporary location for your configuration file(s) ('XFER'). This disk should have the same format as your firewall disk (and could simply be another backup copy of your current firewall).

> - Make sure you have a working copy of your existing firewall ('OLD') in a safe place, that you *DO NOT* use durring this process. That way, if anything goes wrong you can simply reboot off the OLD disk to get back to a working configuration.

> - Remove your current firewall configuration disk and replace it with the XFER disk.

> - Use the lrcfg backup menu to make a partial backup of the package(s) you want to upgrade, being sure to backup the files to the XFER disk. From the backup menu:

>       t e <enter> p <enter>
>       b <package1> <enter>
>       b <package2> <enter>
>       ...

> - Download and copy the package(s) you want to upgrade onto the NEW disk.

> - Reboot your firewall using the NEW disk...at this point your upgraded packages will have their default configuration.

> - Mount the XFER disk (mount -t msdos /dev/fd0u1680 /mnt)

> - CD to the root directory (cd /)

> - Manually extract configuration data for each package you upgraded:

>       tar -xzvf /mnt/package1.lrp
>       tar -xzvf /mnt/package2.lrp
>       ...

> - Unmount (umount /mnt) and remove the XFER disk

> - Using lrcfg, do *FULL* backups of your upgraded packages.

> - Reboot, verifying the firewall works as expected. Some configuration files may need to be 'tweaked' to work properly with the upgraded package binaries.

> ### Important

> The new package file <package>.local can be used to fine-tune which files are included (and excluded) from the partial backup (see the Dachstein-CD README for details). If this file doesn't exist, the backup scripts assume anything from the <package>.list file that resides in /etc or /var/lib/lrpkg is part of the configuration data and is used to create the partial backup. If shorewall puts anything in /etc that isn't a user modified configuration file, a proper shorwall.local file should be created prior to making the partial backup [Editor's note: Shorewall places only user-modifiable files in /etc].

> ### Note

> It's obviously possible to do the above 'in-place', without using multiple disks, and even without making a partial backup (ie: copy current config files to /tmp, manually extract new package on top of current running firewall, then copy or merge config data from /tmp and backup...or similar), but anyone capable of that level of command line gymnastics is probably doing it already, without needing detailed instructions! :-)

For information on other LEAF/Bering upgrade tools, check out this article by Alex Rhomberg.

## Configuring Shorewall

You will need to edit some or all of the configuration files to match your setup. In most cases, the Shorewall QuickStart Guides contain all of the information you need.

## Uninstall/Fallback

See “Fallback and Uninstall”.