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# Using the occ Command

Nextcloud’s `occ` command (origins from “ownCloud Console”) is Nextcloud’s command-line interface. You can perform many common server operations with `occ`, such as installing and upgrading Nextcloud, manage users, encryption, passwords, LDAP setting, and more.

`occ` is in the `nextcloud/` directory; for example `/var/www/nextcloud` on Ubuntu Linux. `occ` is a PHP script. You must run it as your HTTP user to ensure that the correct permissions are maintained on your Nextcloud files and directories.

## occ Command Directory

- Run occ As Your HTTP User
- Apps Commands
- Background Jobs Selector
- Config Commands
- Dav Commands
- Database Conversion
- Encryption
- Federation Sync
- File Operations
- Files External
- Integrity Check
- l10n, Create Javascript Translation Files for Apps
- LDAP Commands
- Logging Commands
- Maintenance Commands
- Security
- Trashbin
- User Commands
- Versions
- Command Line Installation
- Command Line Upgrade
- Two-factor Authentication
- Disable Users

## Run occ As Your HTTP User

The HTTP user is different on the various Linux distributions:

- The HTTP user and group in Debian/Ubuntu is www-data.
- The HTTP user and group in Fedora/CentOS is apache.
- The HTTP user and group in Arch Linux is http.
- The HTTP user in openSUSE is wwwrun, and the HTTP group is www.

If your HTTP server is configured to use a different PHP version than the default (/usr/bin/php), `occ` should be run with the same version. For example, in CentOS 6.5 with SCL-PHP56 installed, the command looks like this:

    sudo -u apache /opt/rh/php56/root/usr/bin/php /var/www/html/nextcloud/occ

Running `occ` with no options lists all commands and options, like this example on Ubuntu:

    sudo -u www-data php occ
    Nextcloud version 9.0.0

    Usage:
     command [options] [arguments]

    Options:
     -h, --help            Display this help message
     -q, --quiet           Do not output any message
     -V, --version         Display this application version
         --ansi            Force ANSI output
         --no-ansi         Disable ANSI output
     -n, --no-interaction  Do not ask any interactive question
         --no-warnings     Skip global warnings, show command output only
     -v|vv|vvv, --verbose  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
                           2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

    Available commands:
     check                 check dependencies of the server
                           environment
     help                  Displays help for a command
     list                  Lists commands
     status                show some status information
     upgrade               run upgrade routines after installation of
                           a new release. The release has to be
                           installed before.

This is the same as `sudo -u www-data php occ list`.

Run it with the `-h` option for syntax help:

    sudo -u www-data php occ -h

Display your Nextcloud version:

    sudo -u www-data php occ -V
      Nextcloud version 9.0.0

Query your Nextcloud server status:

    sudo -u www-data php occ status
      - installed: true
      - version: 9.0.0.19
      - versionstring: 9.0.0
      - edition:

`occ` has options, commands, and arguments. Options and arguments are optional, while commands are required. The syntax is:

    occ [options] command [arguments]

Get detailed information on individual commands with the `help` command, like this example for the `maintenance:mode` command:

    sudo -u www-data php occ help maintenance:mode
    Usage:
     maintenance:mode [options]

    Options:
         --on              enable maintenance mode
         --off             disable maintenance mode
     -h, --help            Display this help message
     -q, --quiet           Do not output any message
     -V, --version         Display this application version
         --ansi            Force ANSI output
         --no-ansi         Disable ANSI output
     -n, --no-interaction  Do not ask any interactive question
         --no-warnings     Skip global warnings, show command output only
     -v|vv|vvv, --verbose  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
                           2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

The `status` command from above has an option to define the output format. The default is plain text, but it can also be `json`:

    sudo -u www-data php occ status --output=json
    {"installed":true,"version":"9.0.0.19","versionstring":"9.0.0","edition":""}

or `json_pretty`:

    sudo -u www-data php occ status --output=json_pretty
    {
       "installed": true,
       "version": "9.0.0.19",
       "versionstring": "9.0.0",
       "edition": ""
    }

This output option is available on all list and list-like commands: `status`, `check`, `app:list`, `config:list`, `encryption:status` and `encryption:list-modules`

## Enabling autocompletion

Note

This currently only works, if the user you use to execute the occ commands has a profile. `www-data` in most cases is `nologon` and therefor can not use this.

Since Nextcloud 11 autocompletion is available for bash (and bash based consoles). To enable it, you have to run one of the following commands:

    # BASH ~4.x, ZSH
    source <(/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook)

    # BASH ~3.x, ZSH
    /var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook | source /dev/stdin

    # BASH (any version)
    eval $(/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook)

This will allow you to use autocompletion with the full path `/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ <tab>`.

If you also want to use autocompletion on occ from within the directory without using the full path, you need to specify `--programm occ` after the `--generate-hook`.

If you want the completion to apply automatically for all new shell sessions, add the command to your shell’s profile (eg. `~/.bash_profile` or `~/.zshrc`).

## Apps Commands

The `app` commands list, enable, and disable apps:

    app
     app:check-code   check code to be compliant
     app:disable      disable an app
     app:enable       enable an app
     app:getpath      Get an absolute path to the app directory
     app:list         List all available apps

List all of your installed apps, and show whether they are enabled or disabled:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:list

Enable an app, for example the External Storage Support app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:enable files_external
    files_external enabled

Disable an app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:disable files_external
    files_external disabled

`app:check-code` has multiple checks: it checks if an app uses Nextcloud’s public API (`OCP`) or private API (`OC_`), and it also checks for deprecated methods and the validity of the `info.xml` file. By default all checks are enabled. The Activity app is an example of a correctly-formatted app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:check-code notifications
    App is compliant - awesome job!

If your app has issues, you’ll see output like this:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:check-code foo_app
    Analysing /var/www/nextcloud/apps/files/foo_app.php
    4 errors
       line   45: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
       called
       line   46: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
       called
       line   47: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
       called
       line   49: OC_Util - Static method of private class must not be called

You can get the full filepath to an app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:getpath notifications
    /var/www/nextcloud/apps/notifications

## Background Jobs Selector

Use the `background` command to select which scheduler you want to use for controlling background jobs, Ajax, Webcron, or Cron. This is the same as using the Cron section on your Nextcloud Admin page:

    background
     background:ajax       Use ajax to run background jobs
     background:cron       Use cron to run background jobs
     background:webcron    Use webcron to run background jobs

This example selects Ajax:

    sudo -u www-data php occ background:ajax
      Set mode for background jobs to 'ajax'

The other two commands are:

- `background:cron`
- `background:webcron`

See Defining Background Jobs to learn more.

## Config Commands

The `config` commands are used to configure the Nextcloud server:

    config
     config:app:delete      Delete an app config value
     config:app:get         Get an app config value
     config:app:set         Set an app config value
     config:import          Import a list of configs
     config:list            List all configs
     config:system:delete   Delete a system config value
     config:system:get      Get a system config value
     config:system:set      Set a system config value

You can list all configuration values with one command:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:list

By default, passwords and other sensitive data are omitted from the report, so the output can be posted publicly (e.g. as part of a bug report). In order to generate a full backport of all configuration values the `--private` flag needs to be set:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:list --private

The exported content can also be imported again to allow the fast setup of similar instances. The import command will only add or update values. Values that exist in the current configuration, but not in the one that is being imported are left untouched:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:import filename.json

It is also possible to import remote files, by piping the input:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:import < local-backup.json

Note

While it is possible to update/set/delete the versions and installation statuses of apps and Nextcloud itself, it is not recommended to do this directly. Use the `occ app:enable`, `occ app:disable` and `occ update` commands instead.

### Getting a Single Configuration Value

These commands get the value of a single app or system configuration:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get version
    9.0.0.19

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:get activity installed_version
    2.2.1

### Setting a Single Configuration Value

These commands set the value of a single app or system configuration:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set logtimezone
    --value="Europe/Berlin"
    System config value logtimezone set to Europe/Berlin

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:set files_sharing
    incoming_server2server_share_enabled --value="yes" --type=boolean
    Config value incoming_server2server_share_enabled for app files_sharing set to yes

The `config:system:set` command creates the value, if it does not already exist. To update an existing value, set `--update-only`:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set doesnotexist --value="true"
    --type=boolean --update-only
    Value not updated, as it has not been set before.

Note that in order to write a Boolean, float, or integer value to the configuration file, you need to specify the type on your command. This applies only to the `config:system:set` command. The following values are known:

- `boolean`
- `integer`
- `float`
- `string` (default)

When you want to e.g. disable the maintenance mode run the following command:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set maintenance --value=false
    --type=boolean
    Nextcloud is in maintenance mode - no app have been loaded
    System config value maintenance set to boolean false

### Setting an array Configuration Value

Some configurations (e.g. the trusted domain setting) are an array of data. In order to set (and also get) the value of one key, you can specify multiple `config` names separated by spaces:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get trusted_domains
    localhost
    nextcloud.local
    sample.tld

To replace `sample.tld` with `example.com` trusted_domains => 2 needs to be set:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set trusted_domains 2
    --value=example.com
    System config value trusted_domains => 2 set to string example.com

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get trusted_domains
    localhost
    nextcloud.local
    example.com

### Deleting a Single Configuration Value

These commands delete the configuration of an app or system configuration:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:delete maintenance:mode
    System config value maintenance:mode deleted

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:delete appname provisioning_api
    Config value provisioning_api of app appname deleted

The delete command will by default not complain if the configuration was not set before. If you want to be notified in that case, set the `--error-if-not-exists` flag:

    sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:delete doesnotexist
    --error-if-not-exists
    Config provisioning_api of app appname could not be deleted because it did not
    exist

## Dav Commands

A set of commands to create addressbooks, calendars, and to migrate addressbooks from 8.2 when you upgrade to 9.0:

    dav
     dav:create-addressbook        Create a dav addressbook
     dav:create-calendar           Create a dav calendar
     dav:migrate-addressbooks      Migrate addressbooks from the contacts
                                   app to core
     dav:migrate-calendars         Migrate calendars from the calendar app to
                                   core
     dav:sync-birthday-calendar    Synchronizes the birthday calendar
     dav:sync-system-addressbook   Synchronizes users to the system
                                   addressbook

The syntax for `dav:create-addressbook` and `dav:create-calendar` is `dav:create-addressbook [user] [name]`. This example creates the addressbook `mollybook` for the user molly:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:create-addressbook molly mollybook

This example creates a new calendar for molly:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:create-calendar molly mollycal

Molly will immediately see these on her Calendar and Contacts pages.

In 9.0, the CalDAV server has been integrated into core. Your existing calendars and contacts should migrate automatically when you upgrade. If something goes wrong you can try a manual migration. First delete any partially-migrated calendars or addressbooks. Then run this command to migrate user’s contacts:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:migrate-addressbooks [user]

Run this command to migrate calendars:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:migrate-calendars [user]

See ownCloud 9.0 - calendar migration analysis for help with troubleshooting and reporting problems.

`dav:sync-birthday-calendar` adds all birthdays to your calendar from addressbooks shared with you. This example syncs to your calendar from user bernie:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:sync-birthday-calendar bernie

`dav:sync-system-addressbook` synchronizes all users to the system addressbook:

    sudo -u www-data php occ dav:sync-system-addressbook

## Database Conversion

The SQLite database is good for testing, and for Nextcloud servers with small single-user workloads that do not use sync clients, but production servers with multiple users should use MariaDB, MySQL, or PostgreSQL. You can use `occ` to convert from SQLite to one of these other databases.

    db
     db:convert-type           Convert the Nextcloud database to the newly
                               configured one
     db:generate-change-script generates the change script from the current
                               connected db to db_structure.xml

You need:

- Your desired database and its PHP connector installed.
- The login and password of a database admin user.
- The database port number, if it is a non-standard port.

This is example converts SQLite to MySQL/MariaDB:

    sudo -u www-data php occ db:convert-type mysql oc_dbuser 127.0.0.1
    oc_database

For a more detailed explanation see Converting Database Type

## Encryption

`occ` includes a complete set of commands for managing encryption:

    encryption
     encryption:change-key-storage-root   Change key storage root
     encryption:decrypt-all               Disable server-side encryption and
                                          decrypt all files
     encryption:disable                   Disable encryption
     encryption:enable                    Enable encryption
     encryption:enable-master-key         Enable the master key. Only available
                                          for fresh installations with no existing
                                          encrypted data! There is also no way to
                                          disable it again.
     encryption:encrypt-all               Encrypt all files for all users
     encryption:list-modules              List all available encryption modules
     encryption:migrate                   initial migration to encryption 2.0
     encryption:set-default-module        Set the encryption default module
     encryption:show-key-storage-root     Show current key storage root
     encryption:status                    Lists the current status of encryption

`encryption:status` shows whether you have active encryption, and your default encryption module. To enable encryption you must first enable the Encryption app, and then run `encryption:enable`:

    sudo -u www-data php occ app:enable encryption
    sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:enable
    sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:status
     - enabled: true
     - defaultModule: OC_DEFAULT_MODULE

`encryption:change-key-storage-root` is for moving your encryption keys to a different folder. It takes one argument, `newRoot`, which defines your new root folder:

    sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:change-key-storage-root /etc/oc-keys

You can see the current location of your keys folder:

    sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:show-key-storage-root
    Current key storage root:  default storage location (data/)

`encryption:list-modules` displays your available encryption modules. You will see a list of modules only if you have enabled the Encryption app. Use `encryption:set-default-module [module name]` to set your desired module.

`encryption:encrypt-all` encrypts all data files for all users. You must first put your Nextcloud server into maintenance mode to prevent any user activity until encryption is completed.

`encryption:decrypt-all` decrypts all user data files, or optionally a single user:

    sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:decrypt freda

Users must have enabled recovery keys on their Personal pages. You must first put your Nextcloud server into maintenance mode to prevent any user activity until decryption is completed.

Use `encryption:disable` to disable your encryption module. You must first put your Nextcloud server into maintenance mode to prevent any user activity.

`encryption:enable-master-key` creates a new master key, which is used for all user data instead of individual user keys. This is especially useful to enable single-sign on. Use this only on fresh installations with no existing data, or on systems where encryption has not already been enabled. It is not possible to disable it.

`encryption:migrate` migrates encryption keys after a major Nextcloud version upgrade. You may optionally specify individual users in a space-delimited list.

See Encryption Configuration to learn more.

## Federation Sync

Note

This command is only available when the “Federation” app (`federation`) is enabled.

Synchronize the addressbooks of all federated Nextcloud servers:

    federation:sync-addressbooks  Synchronizes addressbooks of all
                                  federated clouds

In Nextcloud, servers connected with federation shares can share user address books, and auto-complete usernames in share dialogs. Use this command to synchronize federated servers:

    sudo -u www-data php occ federation:sync-addressbooks

## File Operations

`occ` has three commands for managing files in Nextcloud:

    files
     files:cleanup              cleanup filecache
     files:scan                 rescan filesystem
     files:transfer-ownership   All files and folders are moved to another
                                user - shares are moved as well.

The `files:scan` command scans for new files and updates the file cache. You may rescan all files, per-user, a space-delimited list of users, and limit the search path. If not using `--quiet`, statistics will be shown at the end of the scan:

    sudo -u www-data php occ files:scan --help
      Usage:
      files:scan [-p|--path="..."] [-q|--quiet] [-v|vv|vvv --verbose] [--all]
      [user_id1] ... [user_idN]

    Arguments:
      user_id               will rescan all files of the given user(s)

    Options:
      --path                limit rescan to the user/path given
      --all                 will rescan all files of all known users
      --quiet               suppress any output
      --verbose             files and directories being processed are shown
                            additionally during scanning
      --unscanned           scan only previously unscanned files

Verbosity levels of `-vv` or `-vvv` are automatically reset to `-v`

Note for option –unscanned: In general there is a background job (through cron) that will do that scan periodically. The –unscanned option makes it possible to trigger this from the CLI.

When using the `--path` option, the path must consist of following components:

    "user_id/files/path"
      or
    "user_id/files/mount_name"
      or
    "user_id/files/mount_name/path"

where the term `files` is mandatory.

Example:

    --path="/alice/files/Music"

In the example above, the user_id `alice` is determined implicitly from the path component given.

The `--path`, `--all` and `[user_id]` parameters and are exclusive - only one must be specified.

`files:cleanup` tidies up the server’s file cache by deleting all file entries that have no matching entries in the storage table.

You may transfer all files and shares from one user to another. This is useful before removing a user:

    sudo -u www-data php occ files:transfer-ownership <source-user>
    <destination-user>

## Files External

Note

These commands are only available when the “External storage support” app (`files_external`) is enabled.

Commands for managing external storage:

    files_external
     files_external:applicable  Manage applicable users and groups for a mount
     files_external:backends    Show available authentication and storage backends
     files_external:config      Manage backend configuration for a mount
     files_external:create      Create a new mount configuration
     files_external:delete      Delete an external mount
     files_external:export      Export mount configurations
     files_external:import      Import mount configurations
     files_external:list        List configured mounts
     files_external:option      Manage mount options for a mount
     files_external:verify      Verify mount configuration
     files_external:notify      Listen for active update notifications for a configured external mount

These commands replicate the functionality in the Nextcloud Web GUI, plus two new features: `files_external:export` and `files_external:import`.

Use `files_external:export` to export all admin mounts to stdout, and `files_external:export [user_id]` to export the mounts of the specified Nextcloud user.

Use `files_external:import [filename]` to import legacy JSON configurations, and to copy external mount configurations to another Nextcloud server.

## Integrity Check

Apps which have an official tag MUST be code signed with Nextcloud. Unsigned official apps won’t be installable anymore. Code signing is optional for all third-party applications:

    integrity
     integrity:check-app                 Check app integrity using a signature.
     integrity:check-core                Check core integrity using a signature.
     integrity:sign-app                  Signs an app using a private key.
     integrity:sign-core                 Sign core using a private key

After creating your signing key, sign your app like this example:

    sudo -u www-data php occ integrity:sign-app --privateKey=/Users/lukasreschke/contacts.key --certificate=/Users/lukasreschke/CA/contacts.crt --path=/Users/lukasreschke/Programming/contacts

Verify your app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ integrity:check-app --path=/pathto/app appname

When it returns nothing, your app is signed correctly. When it returns a message then there is an error. See Code Signing in the Developer manual for more detailed information. .. TODO ON RELEASE: Update version number above on release

`integrity:sign-core` is for Nextcloud core developers only.

See Code Signing to learn more.

## l10n, Create Javascript Translation Files for Apps

This command is for app developers to update their translation mechanism from ownCloud 7 to Nextcloud.

## LDAP Commands

Note

These commands are only available when the “LDAP user and group backend” app (`user_ldap`) is enabled.

These LDAP commands appear only when you have enabled the LDAP app. Then you can run the following LDAP commands with `occ`:

    ldap
     ldap:check-user               checks whether a user exists on LDAP.
     ldap:create-empty-config      creates an empty LDAP configuration
     ldap:delete-config            deletes an existing LDAP configuration
     ldap:search                   executes a user or group search
     ldap:set-config               modifies an LDAP configuration
     ldap:show-config              shows the LDAP configuration
     ldap:show-remnants            shows which users are not available on
                                   LDAP anymore, but have remnants in
                                   Nextcloud.
     ldap:test-config              tests an LDAP configuration

Search for an LDAP user, using this syntax:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search [--group] [--offset="..."]
    [--limit="..."] search

Searches will match at the beginning of the attribute value only. This example searches for givenNames that start with “rob”:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search "rob"

This will find robbie, roberta, and robin. Broaden the search to find, for example, `jeroboam` with the asterisk wildcard:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search "*rob"

User search attributes are set with `ldap:set-config` (below). For example, if your search attributes are `givenName` and `sn` you can find users by first name + last name very quickly. For example, you’ll find Terri Hanson by searching for `te ha`. Trailing whitespaces are ignored.

Check if an LDAP user exists. This works only if the Nextcloud server is connected to an LDAP server:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:check-user robert

`ldap:check-user` will not run a check when it finds a disabled LDAP connection. This prevents users that exist on disabled LDAP connections from being marked as deleted. If you know for certain that the user you are searching for is not in one of the disabled connections, and exists on an active connection, use the `--force` option to force it to check all active LDAP connections:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:check-user --force robert

`ldap:create-empty-config` creates an empty LDAP configuration. The first one you create has no `configID`, like this example:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:create-empty-config
      Created new configuration with configID ''

This is a holdover from the early days, when there was no option to create additional configurations. The second, and all subsequent, configurations that you create are automatically assigned IDs:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:create-empty-config
       Created new configuration with configID 's01'

Then you can list and view your configurations:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:show-config

And view the configuration for a single configID:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:show-config s01

`ldap:delete-config [configID]` deletes an existing LDAP configuration:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:delete  s01
    Deleted configuration with configID 's01'

The `ldap:set-config` command is for manipulating configurations, like this example that sets search attributes:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:set-config s01 ldapAttributesForUserSearch
    "cn;givenname;sn;displayname;mail"

`ldap:test-config` tests whether your configuration is correct and can bind to the server:

    sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:test-config s01
    The configuration is valid and the connection could be established!

`ldap:show-remnants` is for cleaning up the LDAP mappings table, and is documented in LDAP User Cleanup.

## Logging Commands

These commands view and configure your Nextcloud logging preferences:

    log
     log:manage     manage logging configuration
     log:owncloud   manipulate Nextcloud logging backend

Run `log:owncloud` to see your current logging status:

    sudo -u www-data php occ log:owncloud
    Log backend Nextcloud: enabled
    Log file: /opt/nextcloud/data/nextcloud.log
    Rotate at: disabled

Use the `--enable` option to turn on logging. Use `--file` to set a different log file path. Set your rotation by log file size in bytes with `--rotate-size`; 0 disables rotation.

`log:manage` sets your logging backend, log level, and timezone. The defaults are `owncloud`, `Warning`, and `UTC`. Available options are:

- –backend [owncloud, syslog, errorlog]
- –level [debug, info, warning, error]

## Maintenance Commands

Use these commands when you upgrade Nextcloud, manage encryption, perform backups and other tasks that require locking users out until you are finished:

    maintenance
     maintenance:data-fingerprint        update the systems data-fingerprint after a backup is restored
     maintenance:mimetype:update-db      Update database mimetypes and update filecache
     maintenance:mimetype:update-js      Update mimetypelist.js
     maintenance:mode                    set maintenance mode
     maintenance:repair                  repair this installation
     maintenance:update:htaccess         Updates the .htaccess file

`maintenance:mode` locks the sessions of all logged-in users, including administrators, and displays a status screen warning that the server is in maintenance mode. Users who are not already logged in cannot log in until maintenance mode is turned off. When you take the server out of maintenance mode logged-in users must refresh their Web browsers to continue working:

    sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --on
    sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --off

After restoring a backup of your data directory or the database, you should always call `maintenance:data-fingerprint` once. This changes the ETag for all files in the communication with sync clients, allowing them to realize a file was modified.

The `maintenance:repair` command runs automatically during upgrades to clean up the database, so while you can run it manually there usually isn’t a need to:

    sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:repair

`maintenance:mimetype:update-db` updates the Nextcloud database and file cache with changed mimetypes found in `config/mimetypemapping.json`. Run this command after modifying `config/mimetypemapping.json`. If you change a mimetype, run `maintenance:mimetype:update-db --repair-filecache` to apply the change to existing files.

## Security

Use these commands to manage server-wide SSL certificates. These are useful when you create federation shares with other Nextcloud servers that use self-signed certificates:

    security
     security:certificates         list trusted certificates
     security:certificates:import  import trusted certificate
     security:certificates:remove  remove trusted certificate

This example lists your installed certificates:

    sudo -u www-data php occ security:certificates

Import a new certificate:

    sudo -u www-data php occ security:import /path/to/certificate

Remove a certificate:

    sudo -u www-data php occ security:remove [certificate name]

## Trashbin

Note

This command is only available when the “Deleted files” app (`files_trashbin`) is enabled.

The `trashbin:cleanup` command removes the deleted files of the specified users in a space-delimited list, or all users if none are specified.

    trashbin
     trashbin:cleanup   Remove deleted files

This example removes the deleted files of all users:

    sudo -u www-data php occ trashbin:cleanup
    Remove all deleted files
    Remove deleted files for users on backend Database
     freda
     molly
     stash
     rosa
     edward

This example removes the deleted files of users molly and freda:

    sudo -u www-data php occ trashbin:cleanup molly freda
    Remove deleted files of   molly
    Remove deleted files of   freda

## User Commands

The `user` commands create and remove users, reset passwords, display a simple report showing how many users you have, and when a user was last logged in:

    user
     user:add                            adds a user
     user:delete                         deletes the specified user
     user:disable                        disables the specified user
     user:enable                         enables the specified user
     user:lastseen                       shows when the user was logged in last time
     user:report                         shows how many users have access
     user:resetpassword                  Resets the password of the named user
     user:setting                        Read and modify user settings

You can create a new user with their display name, login name, and any group memberships with the `user:add` command. The syntax is:

    user:add [--password-from-env] [--display-name[="..."]] [-g|--group[="..."]]
    uid

The `display-name` corresponds to the Full Name on the Users page in your Nextcloud Web UI, and the `uid` is their Username, which is their login name. This example adds new user Layla Smith, and adds her to the users and db-admins groups. Any groups that do not exist are created:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:add --display-name="Layla Smith"
      --group="users" --group="db-admins" layla
      Enter password:
      Confirm password:
      The user "layla" was created successfully
      Display name set to "Layla Smith"
      User "layla" added to group "users"
      User "layla" added to group "db-admins"

Go to your Users page, and you will see your new user.

`password-from-env` allows you to set the user’s password from an environment variable. This prevents the password from being exposed to all users via the process list, and will only be visible in the history of the user (root) running the command. This also permits creating scripts for adding multiple new users.

To use `password-from-env` you must run as “real” root, rather than `sudo`, because `sudo` strips environment variables. This example adds new user Fred Jones:

    export OC_PASS=newpassword
    su -s /bin/sh www-data -c 'php occ user:add --password-from-env
      --display-name="Fred Jones" --group="users" fred'
    The user "fred" was created successfully
    Display name set to "Fred Jones"
    User "fred" added to group "users"

You can reset any user’s password, including administrators (see Resetting a Lost Admin Password):

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:resetpassword layla
      Enter a new password:
      Confirm the new password:
      Successfully reset password for layla

You may also use `password-from-env` to reset passwords:

    export OC_PASS=newpassword
    su -s /bin/sh www-data -c 'php occ user:resetpassword --password-from-env
      layla'
      Successfully reset password for layla

You can delete users:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:delete fred

View a user’s most recent login:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:lastseen layla
      layla's last login: 09.01.2015 18:46

Read user settings:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla
      - core:
        - lang: en
      - login:
        - lastLogin: 1465910968
      - settings:
        - email: layla@example.tld

Filter by app:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla core
      - core:
        - lang: en

Get a single setting:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla core lang
    en

Set a setting:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla settings email "new-layla@example.tld"

Delete a setting:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla settings email --delete

Generate a simple report that counts all users, including users on external user authentication servers such as LDAP:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:report
    +------------------+----+
    | User Report      |    |
    +------------------+----+
    | Database         | 12 |
    | LDAP             | 86 |
    |                  |    |
    | total users      | 98 |
    |                  |    |
    | user directories | 2  |
    +------------------+----+

## Versions

Note

This command is only available when the “Versions” app (`files_versions`) is enabled.

Use this command to delete file versions for specific users, or for all users when none are specified:

    versions
     versions:cleanup   Delete versions

This example deletes all versions for all users:

    sudo -u www-data php occ versions:cleanup
    Delete all versions
    Delete versions for users on backend Database
      freda
      molly
      stash
      rosa
      edward

You can delete versions for specific users in a space-delimited list:

    sudo -u www-data php occ versions:cleanup
    Delete versions of   freda
    Delete versions of   molly

## Command Line Installation

These commands are available only after you have downloaded and unpacked the Nextcloud archive, and taken no further installation steps.

You can install Nextcloud entirely from the command line. After downloading the tarball and copying Nextcloud into the appropriate directories you can use `occ` commands in place of running the graphical Installation Wizard.

Then choose your `occ` options. This lists your available options:

    sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ
    Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
    Nextcloud version 9.0.0

    Usage:
     [options] command [arguments]

    Options:
     --help (-h)           Display this help message
     --quiet (-q)          Do not output any message
     --verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal
     output,  2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
     --version (-V)        Display this application version
     --ansi                Force ANSI output
     --no-ansi             Disable ANSI output
     --no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question

    Available commands:
     check                 check dependencies of the server environment
     help                  Displays help for a command
     list                  Lists commands
     status                show some status information
     app
     app:check-code        check code to be compliant
     l10n
     l10n:createjs         Create javascript translation files for a given app
     maintenance
     maintenance:install   install Nextcloud

Display your `maintenance:install` options:

    sudo -u www-data php occ help maintenance:install
    Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
    Usage:
     maintenance:install [--database="..."] [--database-name="..."]
    [--database-host="..."] [--database-user="..."] [--database-pass[="..."]]
    [--database-table-prefix[="..."]] [--admin-user="..."] [--admin-pass="..."]
    [--data-dir="..."]

    Options:
     --database               Supported database type (default: "sqlite")
     --database-name          Name of the database
     --database-host          Hostname of the database (default: "localhost")
     --database-user          User name to connect to the database
     --database-pass          Password of the database user
     --database-table-prefix  Prefix for all tables (default: oc_)
     --admin-user             User name of the admin account (default: "admin")
     --admin-pass             Password of the admin account
     --data-dir               Path to data directory (default:
                              "/var/www/nextcloud/data")
     --help (-h)              Display this help message
     --quiet (-q)             Do not output any message
     --verbose (-v|vv|vvv)    Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal
      output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
     --version (-V)           Display this application version
     --ansi                   Force ANSI output
     --no-ansi                Disable ANSI output
     --no-interaction (-n)    Do not ask any interactive question

This example completes the installation:

    cd /var/www/nextcloud/
    sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:install --database
    "mysql" --database-name "nextcloud"  --database-user "root" --database-pass
    "password" --admin-user "admin" --admin-pass "password"
    Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
    Nextcloud was successfully installed

Supported databases are:

    - sqlite (SQLite3 - Nextcloud Community edition only)
    - mysql (MySQL/MariaDB)
    - pgsql (PostgreSQL)
    - oci (Oracle - Nextcloud Enterprise edition only)

## Command Line Upgrade

These commands are available only after you have downloaded upgraded packages or tar archives, and before you complete the upgrade.

List all options, like this example on CentOS Linux:

    sudo -u apache php occ upgrade -h
    Usage:
    upgrade [--no-app-disable]

    Options:
    --no-app-disable       skips the disable of third party apps
    --help (-h)            Display this help message.
    --quiet (-q)           Do not output any message.
    --verbose (-v|vv|vvv)  Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
      2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.
    --version (-V)         Display this application version.
    --ansi                 Force ANSI output.
    --no-ansi              Disable ANSI output.
    --no-interaction (-n)  Do not ask any interactive question

When you are performing an update or upgrade on your Nextcloud server (see the Maintenance section of this manual), it is better to use `occ` to perform the database upgrade step, rather than the Web GUI, in order to avoid timeouts. PHP scripts invoked from the Web interface are limited to 3600 seconds. In larger environments this may not be enough, leaving the system in an inconsistent state. After performing all the preliminary steps (see How to Upgrade) use this command to upgrade your databases, like this example on CentOS Linux. Note how it details the steps:

    sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade
    Nextcloud or one of the apps require upgrade - only a limited number of
    commands are available
    Turned on maintenance mode
    Checked database schema update
    Checked database schema update for apps
    Updated database
    Updating <gallery> ...
    Updated <gallery> to 0.6.1
    Updating <activity> ...
    Updated <activity> to 2.1.0
    Update successful
    Turned off maintenance mode

Enabling verbosity displays timestamps:

    sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade -v
    Nextcloud or one of the apps require upgrade - only a limited number of commands are available
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Turned on maintenance mode
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Checked database schema update
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Checked database schema update for apps
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Updated database
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Updated <files_sharing> to 0.6.6
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Update successful
    2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Turned off maintenance mode

If there is an error it throws an exception, and the error is detailed in your Nextcloud logfile, so you can use the log output to figure out what went wrong, or to use in a bug report:

    Turned on maintenance mode
    Checked database schema update
    Checked database schema update for apps
    Updated database
    Updating <files_sharing> ...
    Exception
    ServerNotAvailableException: LDAP server is not available
    Update failed
    Turned off maintenance mode

## Two-factor Authentication

If a two-factor provider app is enabled, it is enabled for all users by default (though the provider can decide whether or not the user has to pass the challenge). In the case of an user losing access to the second factor (e.g. lost phone with two-factor SMS verification), the admin can temporarily disable the two-factor check for that user via the occ command:

    sudo -u www-data php occ twofactor:disable <username>

To re-enable two-factor auth again use the following commmand:

    sudo -u www-data php occ twofactor:enable <username>

## Disable Users

Admins can disable users via the occ command too:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:disable <username>

Use the following command to enable the user again:

    sudo -u www-data php occ user:enable <username>

Note that once users are disabled, their connected browsers will be disconnected.

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