GRDBLEND(1)

NAME
grdblend - Blend several partially over-lapping grids into one large grid

SYNOPSIS
grdblend blendfile -Ggrdfile -Ixinc[unit][=|+][/yinc[unit][=|+]] -Rwest/east/south/north[r] [ -Nnodata ] [ -Q ] [ -Zscale ] [ -V ] [ -W ] [ -fcolinfo ]

DESCRIPTION
grdblend reads a listing of grid files and blend parameters and creates a binary grid file by blending the other grids using cosine-taper weights. grdblend will report if some of the nodes are not filled in with data. Such unconstrained nodes are set to a value specified by the user [Default is NaN]. Nodes with more than one value will be set to the weighted average value. Note: Due to the row-by-row i/o nature of operations in grdblend we only support the netCDF and native binary grid formats for both input and output.

blendfile
    ASCII file with one record per grid file to include in the blend. Each record must contain three items, separated by spaces or tabs: the gridfile name, the -R-setting for the interior region, and the relative weight wr. In the combined weighting scheme, this grid will be given zero weight outside its domain, weight = wr inside the interior region, and a 2-D cosine-tapered weight between those end-members in the boundary strip. However, if a negative wr is given then the sense of tapering is inverted (i.e., zero weight inside its domain). If the inner region should instead exactly match the grid region then specify a - instead of the -R-setting. If the ASCII file is not given grdblend will read standard input.

-G  grdfile is the name of the binary output grid file. (See GRID FILE FORMATS below). Only netCDF and native binary grid formats are supported.

-I  x_inc [and optionally y_inc] is the grid spacing. Optionally, append a suffix modifier. Geographical (degrees) coordinates: Append m to indicate arc minutes or c to indicate arc seconds. If one of the units e, k, i, or n is appended instead, the increment is assumed to be given in meter, km, miles, or nautical miles, respectively, and will be converted to the equivalent degrees longitude at the middle latitude of the region (the conversion depends on ELLIPSOID). If /y_inc is given but set to 0 it will be reset equal to x_inc; otherwise it will be converted to degrees latitude. All coordinates: If = is appended then the corresponding max x (east) or y (north) may be slightly adjusted to fit exactly the given increment [by default the increment may be adjusted slightly to fit the given domain]. Finally, instead of giving an increment you may specify the number of nodes desired by appending + to the supplied integer argument; the increment is then recalculated from the number of nodes and the domain. The resulting increment value depends on whether you have selected a gridline-registered or pixel-registered grid; see Appendix B for details. Note: if -Rgrdfile is used then grid spacing has already been initialized; use -I to override the values.

-R  xmin, xmax, ymin, and ymax specify the Region of interest. For geographic regions, these limits correspond to west, east, south, and north and you may specify them in decimal degrees or in [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude). Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid. For calendar time coordinates you may either give (a) relative time (relative to the selected TIME_EPOCH and in the selected TIME_UNIT; append t to -JX|x), or (b) absolute time of the form [date]T[clock] (append T to -JX|x). At least one of date and clock must be present; the T is always required. The date string must be of the form [-]yyyy[-mm[-dd]] (Gregorian calendar) or yyyy[-Www[-d]] (ISO week calendar), while the clock string must be of the form hh:mm:ss[.xxx]. The use of delimiters and their type and positions must be exactly as indicated (however, input, output and plot formats are customizable; see gmtdefaults).

OPTIONS

-N  No data. Set nodes with no input grid to this value [Default is NaN].

-Q  Create a header-less grid file suitable for use with grdraster. Requires that the output grid file is a native format (i.e., not netCDF).

-V  Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].

-W  Do not blend, just output the weights used for each node. This option is valid when only one input grid is provided [Default makes the blend].

-Z  Scale output values by scale before writing to file. [1].

-f  Special formatting of input and/or output columns (time or geographical data). Specify i or o to make this apply only to input or output [Default applies to both]. Give one or more columns (or column ranges) separated by commas. Append T (absolute calendar time), t (relative time in chosen TIME_UNIT since TIME_EPOCH), x (longitude), y (latitude), or f (floating point) to each column or column range item. Shorthand -f[i|o]g means -f[i|o]0x,1y (geographic coordinates).

GRID FILE FORMATS
By default GMT writes out grid as single precision floats in a COARDS-complaint netCDF file format. However, GMT is able to produce grid files in many other commonly used grid file formats and also facilitates so called "packing" of grids, writing out floating point data as 2- or 4-byte integers. To specify the precision, scale and offset, the user should add the suffix =id[/scale/offset[/nan]], where id is a two-letter identifier of the grid type and precision, and scale and offset are optional scale factor and offset to be applied to all grid values, and nan is the value used to indicate missing data. See grdreformat(1) and Section 4.17 of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information.

When writing a netCDF file, the grid is stored by default with the variable name "z". To specify another variable name varname, append ?varname to the file name. Note that you may need to escape the special meaning of ? in your shell program by putting a backslash in front of it, or by placing the filename and suffix between quotes or double quotes.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND TIME COORDINATES
When the output grid type is netCDF, the coordinates will be labeled "longitude", "latitude", or "time" based on the attributes of the input data or grid (if any) or on the -f or -R options. For example, both -f0x -f1t and -R90w/90e/0t/3t will result in a longitude/time grid. When the x, y, or z coordinate is time, it will be stored in the grid as relative time since epoch as specified by TIME_UNIT and TIME_EPOCH in the .gmtdefaults file or on the command line. In addition, the unit attribute of the time variable will indicate both this unit and epoch.

EXAMPLES
To create a grid file from the four grid files piece_?.nc, make the blendfile like this

piece_1.nc    -R<subregion_1> 1
piece_2.nc    -R<subregion_2> 1
piece_3.nc    -R<subregion_3> 1
piece_4.nc    -R<subregion_4> 1

Then run

grdblend blend.job -Gblend.nc -R<full_region> -I<dx/dy> -V

RESTRICTIONS
Currently, all grids processed must have the exact same node registration and grid spacing as the final output grid.

SEE ALSO
GMT(1), grd2xyz(1), grdedit(1) grdraster(1)