TASKQUEUE(9)

NAME
taskqueue - asynchronous task execution

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/taskqueue.h>

    typedef void (*task_fn_t)(void *context, int pending);
    typedef void (*taskqueue_enqueue_fn)(void *context);
    struct task {
    	STAILQ_ENTRY(task)	ta_link;	/* link for queue */
    	u_short			ta_pending;	/* count times queued */
    	u_short			ta_priority;	/* priority of task in queue */
    	task_fn_t		ta_func;	/* task handler */
    	void			*ta_context;	/* argument for handler */
    };
    struct timeout_task;

struct taskqueue *
taskqueue_create(const char *name, int mflags, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context);
struct taskqueue *
taskqueue_create_fast(const char *name, int mflags, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context);
void
taskqueue_free(struct taskqueue *queue);
int
taskqueue_enqueue(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task);
int
taskqueue_enqueue_fast(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task);
int
taskqueue_enqueue_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, int ticks);
int
taskqueue_cancel(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task, u_int *pendp);
int
taskqueue_cancel_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, u_int *pendp);
void
taskqueue_drain(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task);
void
taskqueue_drain_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task);
int
taskqueue_member(struct taskqueue *queue, struct thread *td);
void
taskqueue_run(struct taskqueue *queue);
TASK_INIT(struct task *task, int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);
TASK_INITIALIZER(int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);
TASKQUEUE_DECLARE(name);
TASKQUEUE_DEFINE(name, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context, init);
TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE(name, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context, init);
TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD(name);
TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD(name);
TIMEOUT_TASK_INIT(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);

DESCRIPTION
These functions provide a simple interface for asynchronous execution of code.

The function taskqueue_create() is used to create new queues. The arguments to taskqueue_create() include a name that should be unique, a set of malloc(9) flags that specify whether the call to malloc() is allowed to sleep, a function that is called from taskqueue_enqueue() when a task is added to the queue, and a pointer to the memory location where the identity of the thread that services the queue is recorded. The function called from taskqueue_enqueue() must arrange for the queue to be processed (for instance by scheduling a software interrupt or waking a kernel thread). The memory location where the thread identity is recorded is used to signal the service thread(s) to terminate--when this value is set to zero and the thread is signaled it will terminate. If the queue is intended for use in fast interrupt handlers taskqueue_create_fast() should be used in place of taskqueue_create().

The function taskqueue_free() should be used to free the memory used by the queue. Any tasks that are on the queue will be executed at this time after which the thread servicing the queue will be signaled that it should exit.

To add a task to the list of tasks queued on a taskqueue, call taskqueue_enqueue() with pointers to the queue and task. If the task's ta_pending field is non-zero, then it is simply incremented to reflect the number of times the task was enqueued, up to a cap of USHRT_MAX. Otherwise, the task is added to the list before the first task which has a lower ta_priority value or at the end of the list if no tasks have a lower priority. Enqueueing a task does not perform any memory allocation which makes it suitable for calling from an interrupt handler. This function will return EPIPE if the queue is being freed.

The function taskqueue_enqueue_fast() should be used in place of taskqueue_enqueue() when the enqueuing must happen from a fast interrupt handler. This method uses spin locks to avoid the possibility of sleeping in the fast interrupt context.

When a task is executed, first it is removed from the queue, the value of ta_pending is recorded and then the field is zeroed. The function ta_func from the task structure is called with the value of the field ta_context as its first argument and the value of ta_pending as its second argument. After the function ta_func returns, wakeup(9) is called on the task pointer passed to taskqueue_enqueue().

The taskqueue_enqueue_timeout() is used to schedule the enqueue after the specified amount of ticks. Only non-fast task queues can be used for timeout_task scheduling.

The taskqueue_cancel() function is used to cancel a task. The ta_pending count is cleared, and the old value returned in the reference parameter pendp, if it is non-NULL. If the task is currently running, EBUSY is returned, otherwise 0. To implement a blocking taskqueue_cancel() that waits for a running task to finish, it could look like:

    while (taskqueue_cancel(tq, task, NULL) != 0)
    	taskqueue_drain(tq, task);

Note that, as with taskqueue_drain(), the caller is responsible for ensuring that the task is not re-enqueued after being canceled.

Similarly, the taskqueue_cancel_timeout() function is used to cancel the scheduled task execution.

The taskqueue_drain() function is used to wait for the task to finish, and the taskqueue_drain_timeout() function is used to wait for the scheduled task to finish. There is no guarantee that the task will not be enqueued after call to taskqueue_drain().

The taskqueue_member() function returns 1 if the given thread td is part of the given taskqueue queue and 0 otherwise.

The taskqueue_run() function will run all pending tasks in the specified queue. Normally this function is only used internally.

A convenience macro, TASK_INIT(task, priority, func, context) is provided to initialise a task structure. The TASK_INITIALIZER() macro generates an initializer for a task structure. A macro TIMEOUT_TASK_INIT(queue, timeout_task, priority, func, context) initializes the timeout_task structure. The values of priority, func, and context are simply copied into the task structure fields and the ta_pending field is cleared.

Five macros TASKQUEUE_DECLARE(name), TASKQUEUE_DEFINE(name, enqueue, context, init), TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE(name, enqueue, context, init), and TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD(name) TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD(name) are used to declare a reference to a global queue, to define the implementation of the queue, and declare a queue that uses its own thread. The TASKQUEUE_DEFINE() macro arranges to call taskqueue_create() with the values of its name, enqueue and context arguments during system initialisation. After calling taskqueue_create(), the init argument to the macro is executed as a C statement, allowing any further initialisation to be performed (such as registering an interrupt handler etc.)

The TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD() macro defines a new taskqueue with its own kernel thread to serve tasks. The variable struct taskqueue *taskqueue_name is used to enqueue tasks onto the queue.

TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE() and TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD() act just like TASKQUEUE_DEFINE() and TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD() respectively but taskqueue is created with taskqueue_create_fast().

  Predefined Task Queues
The system provides four global taskqueues, taskqueue_fast, taskqueue_swi, taskqueue_swi_giant, and taskqueue_thread. The taskqueue_fast queue is for swi handlers dispatched from fast interrupt handlers, where sleep mutexes cannot be used. The swi taskqueues are run via a software interrupt mechanism. The taskqueue_swi queue runs without the protection of the Giant kernel lock, and the taskqueue_swi_giant queue runs with the protection of the Giant kernel lock. The thread taskqueue taskqueue_thread runs in a kernel thread context, and tasks run from this thread do not run under the Giant kernel lock. If the caller wants to run under Giant, he should explicitly acquire and release Giant in his taskqueue handler routine.

To use these queues, call taskqueue_enqueue() with the value of the global taskqueue variable for the queue you wish to use (taskqueue_swi, taskqueue_swi_giant, or taskqueue_thread). Use taskqueue_enqueue_fast() for the global taskqueue variable taskqueue_fast.

The software interrupt queues can be used, for instance, for implementing interrupt handlers which must perform a significant amount of processing in the handler. The hardware interrupt handler would perform minimal processing of the interrupt and then enqueue a task to finish the work. This reduces to a minimum the amount of time spent with interrupts disabled.

The thread queue can be used, for instance, by interrupt level routines that need to call kernel functions that do things that can only be done from a thread context. (e.g., call malloc with the M_WAITOK flag.)

Note that tasks queued on shared taskqueues such as taskqueue_swi may be delayed an indeterminate amount of time before execution. If queueing delays cannot be tolerated then a private taskqueue should be created with a dedicated processing thread.

SEE ALSO
ithread(9), kthread(9), swi(9)

HISTORY
This interface first appeared in FreeBSD 5.0. There is a similar facility called work_queue in the Linux kernel.

AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Doug Rabson.