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## 3. Linux box setup

This Howto assumes you have a kernel from the 2.4 series as it uses iptables. Other than that, there are no known issues why this should not work on a 2.2 kernel box with the scripts adapted to ipchains.

Of course, you need to install the iptables userland tools, an apache http server if you want to run a CGI tool to change passwords and SAMBA. And you will need a kernel compiled with iptables modules.

You may wish to use DHCP. If so, it is easy to set up. Remember to configure the dhcp server to give the nameserver IP address and the gateway IP address as well. The Windows machines will make good use of this information.

## 3.1 Basic system setup

Generally any basic system setup from the common Linux distributions will fit in this gateway example. Just check if you have Samba and IPTABLES.

## 3.2 Additional directory hierarchy

The additional directory hierarchy will be required to accomplish the example of this howto:

This is used to keep track of the users and IP addresses:

    /var/run/smbgate/

This is where I place user specific scripts:

    /etc/smbgate/users/

And group specific scripts:

    /etc/smbgate/groups/

Directory for the netlogon share:

    /home/samba/netlogon/

Directory for the tracking share:

    /home/samba/samba/

These hierarchies are required by some of the scripts and daemons of the example.

## 3.3 Firewall setup

Its very unlikely that your distribution's kernel won't be compiled with Iptables and the userland tools won't be installed either. Anyway, if you don't have it, refer to http://www.netfilter.org or http://www.iptables.org to get the software and the documentation.

You will need a basic firewall setup in order to get the gateway working. Take a look at the iptables tutorial at IPTABLES TUTORIAL. It's an interesting reading. Anyway, if you have no time to spend, the following code is somewhat (very) loose but it may fit your needs:

    #!/bin/sh
    IPTABLES=/usr/sbin/iptables
    /sbin/depmod -a
    /sbin/insmod ip_tables
    /sbin/insmod ip_conntrack
    /sbin/insmod ip_conntrack_ftp
    /sbin/insmod ip_conntrack_irc
    /sbin/insmod iptable_nat
    /sbin/insmod ip_nat_ftp
    echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
    echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr
    $IPTABLES -P INPUT ACCEPT
    $IPTABLES -F INPUT
    $IPTABLES -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
    $IPTABLES -F OUTPUT
    $IPTABLES -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    $IPTABLES -F FORWARD
    $IPTABLES -t nat -F

You will notice that this code actually does nothing, but load the kernel modules related to nat and firewalling and turns the packet routing on. You can (and should) place any rules there to give your gateway a standard behavior, but the big magic will be done by scripts called by the SAMBA daemon.

Please, remember that this code doesn't have the least bit of security! Don't use these examples in production environments. This example intends only to be educational. You have to add a firewall configuration that suits your systems.

You have been warned!

## 3.4 SAMBA setup

Check if you have Samba installed. If your distribution doesn't come with Samba pre-packaged then refer to http://www.samba.org to get the packages and for documentation on how to install Samba. Brows around their web site and learn about it. The site has plenty of documentation and maybe your LINUX distribution also has plenty of SAMBA documentation.

We will need to setup SAMBA as a Primary Domain Controller. I will give an example configuration file here, but you should read the Samba HOWTO Collection and learn all you can about a PDC.

### Basic SAMBA setup.

Since I do not intend to rewrite the SAMBA documentation, here goes a sample smb.conf file:

    # Global parameters
    [global]
    workgroup = DOMAIN
    netbios name = LINUX
    server string = Linux PDC
    encrypt passwords = Yes
    map to guest = Bad Password
    passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd
    unix password sync = Yes
    max log size = 50
    time server = Yes
    socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
    add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -d /dev/null -g 100 -s /bin/false -M %u
    logon script = %a.bat
    domain logons = Yes
    os level = 64
    lm announce = True
    preferred master = True
    domain master = True
    dns proxy = No
    printing = lprng
    [homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    path = /home/%u
    read only = No
    [printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    printable = Yes
    browseable = No
    available = No
    [netlogon]
    comment = NetLogon ShARE
    path = /home/samba/netlogon
    guest account =
    [samba]
    comment = login tracking share
    path = /home/samba/samba
    browseable = No
    root preexec = /usr/local/bin/netlogon.sh %u %I
    root postexec = /usr/local/bin/netlogoff.sh %u

You will have to do with it or read the SAMBA documentation if you really want to control your server and network.

### The "logon script"

Using "logon script = %a.bat" makes samba evaluate the guest os and call an appropriated logon script. If you want a static script, just change to "logon script = netlogon.bat". Actually you can do anything here and even generate any script during the logon.

### The netlogon and the tracking shares

The netlogon share is where the Windows workstations download the logon script from. We need this share in order to place there a logon script, which will tell the workstation to mount a share that will be used to track the users ip addresses.

As you can see, there must be a line like the following in your smb.conf

    logon script = netlogon.bat

This line will tell your Windows client to download and execute the script named netlogon.bat. This script must be placed at the netlogon share. So, we will also need a netlogon.bat script to your Windows workstations. You can use the following example and place it at the netlogon share, in this case: /home/samba/netlogon/NETLOGON.BAT.

    REM NETLOGON.BAT
    net use z: \\linux\samba /yes

This script will tell the Windows workstation to mount the specified share, and so we will be able to keep track of the user and workstation through the output of the smbstatus program.

Quite simple! But not enough...

As you could see, we will need also a tracking share which, in this example, I named samba. You can see the tracking share configuration in smb.conf:

    [samba]
    comment = login tracking share
    path = /home/samba/samba
    browseable = No
    root preexec = /usr/local/bin/netlogon.sh %u %I
    root postexec = /usr/local/bin/netlogoff.sh %u

As you can guess or know if you read the SAMBA documentation, the root preexec and the root postexec lines tell SAMBA to run the indicated scripts when a user mounts or unmounts the share. In this case, we are passing the username to the script as a parameter. Note the %u at the end of the lines. These scripts are the beasts which will call a script or program to modify our gateway's packet filtering rules.

Note that the netlogon.sh script must check if the refered workstation has already mounted the tracking share.

Take a look at the netlogon.sh and netlogoff.sh scripts:

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # netlogon.sh
    #
    # usage:
    # netlogon.sh <username>
    #
    if [ -f /var/run/smbgate/$1 ] ; then
        exit 0
    fi
    echo $2 > /var/run/smbgate/$1
    IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
    EXTIF='eth0'
    COMMAND='-A'
    ADDRESS=`cat /var/run/smbgate/$1`
    GROUP=`groups $1 | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
    if [ -f /etc/smbgate/users/$1 ] ; then
        /etc/smbgate/users/$1 $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
    else
        if [ -f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
            /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
        else
            /etc/smbgate/users/default.sh $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
        fi
    fi

This script (netlogon.sh) is intended to run when the user logs in and will select the which scripts will be executed based on the user name and to which group the user belongs. The user's ip address will be written to a file at /var/run/smbgate for tracking purposes. The file will take the user's name and will be later used when the user log off. The IP address will be passed as an argument to a script with the users' name which will finally update the firewall.

Notice that this netlogon.sh script tries a user script, then if it can't find the user script it tries a group script, and finally if it can't find the group script it tries the default.sh script. You can modify this logic and behavior as you wish and need, just remember to modify the others accordingly.

Chances are if the user belong to more than one that these scripts will fail. I did not have time to write a better code.

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # netlogoff.sh
    #
    # usage:
    # netlogoff.sh <username>
    #
    IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
    EXTIF='ppp0'
    COMMAND='-D'
    TRACKSHARE="samba"
    ADDRESS=`cat /var/run/smbgate/$1`
    GROUP=`groups $1 | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
    NM=`smbstatus -u $1 | grep $TRACKSHARE | wc -l`
    if [ $NM -gt 0 ]; then
        exit
    fi
    if [ -f /etc/smbgate/users/$1 ] ; then
        /etc/smbgate/users/$1 $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
    else
        if [ -f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
            /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
        else
            /etc/smbgate/users/default.sh $COMMAND $ADDRESS $EXTIF
        fi
    fi
    rm -f /var/run/smbgate/$1

This script (netlogoff.sh) is intended to run when the user logs off and will get the address from the /var/run/smbgate/user file which will be passed as an argument to the /etc/smbgate/users/user script which will update the firewall to the state desired when the user is not logged in.

Some versions of Windows, such as Windows 2000, mount the tracking share more than once per login. This may cause problems with the netlogon.sh and netlogoff.sh, triggering the scripts more the once. This can make a real mess. So, you may prefer to use a logout checking script at cron instead of a netlogoff.sh script triggered by SAMBA. Here is an example:

    #!/bin/sh
    # checklogout.sh
    #
    # usage:
    # intended to run at cron (maybe each 10 minutes)

    TRACKDIR="/var/run/smbgate"
    DIRLENGTH=${#TRACKDIR}
    TRACKSHARE="samba"
    EXTIF='eth0'
    COMMAND='-D'
    if [ -d $TRACKDIR ]; then
      for n in $TRACKDIR/*; do
        [ -d $n ] && continue;
        if [ -f $n ] ; then
          IPADDRESS=`cat $n`
          USERNAME=${n:$DIRLENGTH+1}
          NMS=`smbstatus -u $USERNAME | grep $TRACKSHARE | grep $IPADDRESS | grep -v grep | wc -l`
          if [ $NMS == 0 ] ; then
            rm -f $n
            GROUP=`groups $USERNAME | gawk '// { print $3 }'`
            if [ -f /etc/smbgate/users/$USERNAME ] ; then
              /etc/smbgate/users/$USERNAME $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
            else
              if [ -f /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP ] ; then
                /etc/smbgate/groups/$GROUP $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
              else
                /etc/smbgate/users/default.sh $COMMAND $IPADDRESS $EXTIF
              fi
            fi
          fi
        else
          exit 0
        fi
      done
    fi

In that case you should remove the root postexec clause from the tracking share on smb.conf:

    root postexec = /usr/local/bin/netlogoff.sh %u

The following is a standard /etc/smbgate/users/user script. This is the one which will actually modify the firewall rules.

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    COMMAND=$1
    ADDRESS=$2
    EXTIF=$3
    IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
    $IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING -t nat -s $ADDRESS -o $EXTIF -j MASQUERADE

We should also have a default.sh script at /etc/smbgate/users/ to give the gateway a default behavior.

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # default.sh
    COMMAND=$1
    ADDRESS=$2
    EXTIF=$3
    IPTABLES='/usr/sbin/iptables'
    #$IPTABLES $COMMAND POSTROUTING -t nat -s $ADDRESS -o $EXTIF -j MASQUERADE
    exit 0

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