Linux NETMEETING HOWTO
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# 3. NetMeeting directory kit

## 3.1. What is it?

Each NetMeeting client can register with an LDAP server and has a directory window that lists other NetMeeting clients registered with the same server. The NetMeeting directory kit is an extension to the OpenLDAP server that provides directory service to NetMeeting clients.

## 3.2. Why is it needed?

While NetMeeting can connect directly to another H.323 device by specifying an IP address or DNS name, normally you'll want to use an LDAP directory server. Using an LDAP server lets users see a directory listing of available destinations, and is required if you need to resolve aliases, for example if you want to serve multiple H.323 destinations from a single IP address. A directory server isn't required to connect directly from Linux to a NetMeeting client; use OpenH323 for this.

The NetMeeting client violates the LDAP protocol in several ways, so you'll have problems if you try using a standard LDAP server. The NetMeeting directory kit corrects for these problems and allows an OpenLDAP server to be used for NetMeeting directory service.

## 3.3. How it works

                     Block diagram of NetMeeting directory kit

    ___________________         _______    __________________        ______________
    |    LDAP server  | request |      |   |   LDAP server  | request|            |
    |                 | <-------| Perl |<--|                | <------| NetMeeting |
    | on private port |         |script|   | on public port |        |  client    |
    |  (i.e, 2345)    |-------> |      |-->|     389        |------->|            |
    |                 | reply   --------   |                |  reply --------------
    |                 |                    |                |
    -------------------                    ------------------

The directory server consists of a 'master' LDAP server to receive requests, a Perl script to correctly interpret the Microsoft NetMeeting requests and, after interrogation of a 'hidden' LDAP server, formats the results in a way that the NetMeeting client can understand. OpenLDAP's 'shell backend' is used to call the Perl script. A custom schema is also required. The script presently handles all of the above problems, with the exception of timing out entries, which it doesn't do.

## 3.4. Where to get the software

First of all you need to get the OpenLDAP software.

| Pre-built OpenLDAP software (i.e, RPMs) won't work unless configured with support for the shell backend.

You can download OpenLDAP from the main site located at ftp://ftp.OpenLDAP.org/pub/OpenLDAP/openldap-release/ or any mirror. I've successfully used OpenLDAP 2.0.7.

The NetMeeting directory kit is available from http://www.freesoft.org/software/NetMeeting/download.

You need Perl 5, available from http://www.perl.org, but already included in all common Linux distributions. You will also need the Net::LDAP module from the Perl CPAN archive, which can be downloaded and installed directly from Perl:

    [root@y2k baccala]# perl -MCPAN -e shell

    cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.58)
    ReadLine support enabled

    cpan> install Net::LDAP

    ... much output omitted ...

      /usr/bin/make install -- OK

    cpan>

If you've never used CPAN before, you will be prompted first with a series of configuration questions. Once CPAN is configured, the Net::LDAP module will be downloaded, compiled, and installed automatically.

## 3.5. Installation

Building OpenLDAP will require approximately 60 MB of free disk space. Untar OpenLDAP and configure it.

| Be sure to specify the shell backend function "--enable-shell"

I also recommend specifying "--disable-debug" to prevent OpenLDAP from exiting if an assertion fails.

    bash$ ./configure --enable-shell --disable-debug

Now build and install it with:

    bash$ make

    ... much output omitted ...

    bash# make install

It will normally install under `/usr/local`:

Table 2. Directories used by OpenLDAP

`/usr/local/lib` | Shared and static libraries
`/usr/local/bin` | Client binaries for adding, deleting, and searching LDAP servers
`/usr/local/sbin` | Utility programs for manipulating the raw database files. Not needed for normal operation.
`/usr/local/libexec` | Various server programs, including the slapd binary
`/usr/local/etc/openldap` | Contains the default configuration files
`/usr/local/etc/openldap/schema` | The different schemas used by the LDAP servers.
`/usr/local/var/...` | The location of the LDAP databases (in subdirectories)
`/usr/local/man/...` | Documentation

Once OpenLDAP has been installed, next install the NetMeeting directory kit. Untar `ndk.tgz`. It contains these files:

Table 3. NetMeeting directory kit files

`netmeeting.perl` | Perl script used to correct NetMeeting protocol violations
`netmeeting.schema` | Custom NetMeeting schema used by the LDAP server
`core.schema.patch` | Patch to LDAP server's core schema
`slapd.conf` | Sample config file for the master LDAP server
`slapd2.conf` | Sample config file for the slave LDAP server
`initialize` | Shell script used once to initialize the slave LDAP database
`slapd.rc` | `/etc/rc.d/` script
`nmaddentry` | Perl script to add entries to the NetMeeting directory
`nmdirectory` | Perl/Tk script to query the NetMeeting directory

Copy `netmeeting.perl` to the `/usr/local/libexec` directory, `netmeeting.schema` to the `/usr/local/etc/openldap/schema` directory, and copy both `slapd.conf` and `slapd2.conf` to the `/usr/local/etc/openldap` directory.

Be sure to use `core.schema.patch` to patch openldap's core schema in the `/usr/local/etc/openldap/schema` directory:

    bash$ cd /usr/local/etc/openldap/schema
    bash$ ls
    corba.schema   inetorgperson.schema  misc.schema        nis.schema
    core.schema    java.schema           nadf.schema        openldap.schema
    cosine.schema  krb5-kdc.schema       netmeeting.schema
    bash$ cp core.schema core.schema.bak
    bash$ patch core.schema < ~/core.schema.patch

Create the directory `/usr/local/var/openldap-netmeeting` to store the LDAP database, and make it world writable.

Especially if you're using directories from the samples, edit `slapd.conf` and `slapd2.conf` and verify their configuration settings.

You will need to run two copies of slapd. One uses `slapd.conf` and must be started as root, since it binds to port 389. The `-u` option can be specified to cause slapd to `chown` to an unprivileged user after binding the port (a wise precaution). The other slapd uses `slapd2.conf`, binds to an unprivileged port, and only needs sufficient privilege to write the database directory.

    bash# /usr/local/libexec/slapd -f /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf -u nobody
    bash$ /usr/local/libexec/slapd -h ldap://localhost:2345/ -f /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd2.conf

You now have to initialize the slave database with a single entry. This is only done once, by running the `initialize` script included in the kit. The "rootdn" and "rootpw" entries are in the slave config file to allow access for the initialization script, and must match the `-D` and `-w` options in the script. Once you've initialized the database with a single parent entry, you can comment out the "rootdn" and "rootpw" lines from `slapd2.conf`, though this is not critical.

The server should now be up and running. For systems with `/etc/rc.d/` style initialization scripts (like RedHat), the `slapd.rc` is provided to automate the starting and stopping of the slapds.

## 3.6. Server Security

As shown above, I run both slapds as an unprivileged user, minimizing the possibility of compromised security due to a bug in either the server software or the Perl script. Of course, this requires the database directory to be world writable so that the unprivileged slave server can update it. This isn't as glaring a hole as it might first appear, since the NetMeeting clients themselves use no authentication. Thus, even if the database directory were better protected, anyone on a local or remote host could use LDAP client programs to delete or modify any of the database entries.

## 3.7. LDAP issues with Windows 2000

Recent NetMeeting releases initially attempt to connect to the LDAP directory server on port 1002. As described in a TechNet chat,

> Prior to Windows 2000, an ILS server would listen on port 389 for NetMeeting clients. When an ILS server is set up on a Windows 2000 machine, it will default to port 1002.

If a connection to port 1002 is rejected, NetMeeting will fall back on the standard LDAP port 389. However, at least one user has reported trouble with a firewall that blocks port 1002, discards the connection attempts, and thus no replies are received to reject the connection. In this case, NetMeeting takes about a minute to timeout and fall back to port 389. Opening the firewall to port 1002 allowed the rejects through and triggered a rapid fallback.

## 3.8. Interoperation with other LDAP service

The instructions above assume that your LDAP server is only being used for NetMeeting directory service. Yet what if you want to use a single server for both NetMeeting directory service and other LDAP service? Only one server can be bound to port 389, but OpenLDAP allows multiple database sections to be specified in its configuration file, each serving different parts of the LDAP namespace. NetMeeting uses only the "objectClass=RTPerson" subtree, so as long as you avoid this subtree, you can configure additional database sections to serve other subtrees with other databases. The biggest problem you are likely to encounter is the custom NetMeeting schema, which conflicts slightly with the standard schema. Since the NetMeeting schema is more liberal than the standard schema, I'd suggest commenting out the conflicting parts of the standard schema. NetMeeting clients won't work with the standard schema. See the LDAP RFCs and the OpenLDAP documentation for more information about configuring LDAP servers.

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