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## 6. Setting Up a Firewall

## 6.1 Starting the Firewall

Ok, so the project is called the Sentry *Firewall* CD. So where's the firewall? Well, it's important to note that this system is capable of quite a bit more than your standard bootable floppy or CD firewall. In fact it is a pretty complete Linux system on a CD, and as with any Linux system the "firewall" is set up using scripts and various userland utilities such as ipchains or iptables.

IPChains or IPTables firewall scripts generally take the form of shell scripts that are customized by the user and run at boot-time. If you already have a ruleset for your firewall simply edit the "rc.firewall" directive in your "sentry.conf" file to point to your firewall script on your floppy or on a remote HTTP(S)/FTP/SCP/SFTP server as explained above. The firewall will then be run at boot time.

## 6.2 Using FWBuilder with the Sentry Firewall CD

FWBuilder(http://www.FWBuilder.org/) is a firewall configuration and management system. The advantage to this application is that it provides a graphical user interface to develop and modify firewall rulesets on various platforms using various utilities. The Firewall rulesets that are created with FWBuilder are completely compatible with the Sentry Firewall CD, and with just about any Linux firewall.

As with most Linux firewalls there are no X11 binaries or libraries on the Sentry Firewall CD, so you will need to develop the firewall ruleset on a separate workstation using fwbuilder and then upload the ruleset to the various firewalls/routers/nodes on the network. The following are the basic steps required to get your new fwbuilder ruleset running on the Sentry CD:

- Configure your new firewall to your liking with fwbuilder(duh).
- Save your firewall. Choose File->Save As, and choose an appropriate name. The file will normally be saved as "whatever.xml".
- Compile the firewall. Choose Rules->Compile. The ruleset will be compiled and turned into a shell script called "whatever.fw".
- You will then want to copy "whatever.fw" to your configuration floppy and use the "rc.firewall" configuration directive in your sentry.conf file to point to your new firewall script. The firewall script will be copied to /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall during the configuration process and run at boot-time.

Please note that it is not necessary to reboot the Sentry Firewall CD every time you update your firewall script. You may simply upload the new script to the Sentry Firewall and run it. But just make sure that you copy the final draft of your script to the configuration floppy so that it will be run at boot-time.

## 6.3 Using Webmin with the Sentry Firewall CD

As of version 1.5.0-rc3 Webmin(http://www.webmin.com/) is available on the CD. Among many of the other default modules available with webmin - of which not all have been fully tested - Webmin includes two modules for generating and managing your firewall setup. These modules are located in the "Networking" section of the webmin interface. In this section you will see the "Linux Firewall" and "Shorewall Firewall" modules, either of which are available for your use.

The addition of Webmin also adds four new configuration directives -

        start_webmin = <enable | disable>           ## enable|disable webmin.  Default == disable.
        webmin_config = <path/to/config>            ## Main webmin config(/etc/webmin/config).
        miniserv.conf = <path/to/miniserv.conf>     ## Config file for webmin http(s) daemon.
        miniserv.pem = <path/to/miniserv.pem>       ## SSL cert for webmin http(s) daemon.
                                                    ## An SSL cert will be created by rc.webmin if
                                                    ## one is not specified.
        miniserv.users = <path/to/miniserv.users>   ## Password file used for webmin.
                                                    ## Default user:pass is sentry:SENTRY.
                                                    ## NOTE: If this file is not replaced webmin
                                                    ## will NOT start!

Note: The modifications made by these web interface tools are, of course, not permanent. Any files altered will need to be placed on a floppy or on a remote server and declared in your sentry.conf file as explained in previous sections.

Many of these web interface tools do not simply generate a firewall script, but rather set up a firewall and use the 'iptables-save' and 'iptables-restore' utilities to dump and load the firewall. The file created by 'iptables-save' must be loaded using 'iptables-restore', it cannot be run like a shell script. By default this file is placed in "/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall.save". Once you configure your firewall to your liking you will need to place the rc.firewall.save file on a floppy or a remote server and declare its location using the "rc.firewall.save" directive in the sentry.conf file. With the sentrycd and sentyrcd-devel branches, the rc.firewall and rc.firewall.save files are normally run automatically at boot-time from rc.inet2.

As of verions 1.5.0-rc3 the Shorewall(http://www.shorewall.net/) firewall scripts are available on the Sentry Firewall CD. Webmin also comes with a module to configure and set up Shorewall, although Shorewall can be configured manually as well. Shorewall utilizes a number of configuration files located in /etc/shorewall. The sentry.conf file recognizes the "shorewall.conf" configuration directive, but if any of the other configuration files in /etc/shorewall need to be replaced you will need to do so manually using the "|=" configuration directive.

## 6.4 Other Sample Firewall Scripts and Tools

Sample firewall scripts can be found in the /SENTRY/scripts/firewall directory on the CD. These are just a few firewall scripts I found on the Internet and have put here for your convenience. If you do a search on google or freshmeat.net you will probably find several others pretty easily.

I have also added "Easy Firewall Generator" (http://easyfwgen.morizot.net/) and "IPTables Script Generator" (http://iptables.linux.dk/) to the CD. These are PHP scripts that can assist you in creating a ruleset for your Sentry Firewall CD system. In order to view these you will need to start the Apache web server on a running Sentry Firewall CD system, and then direct your browser to the IP address of your Sentry Firewall. The scripts should be available in the "firewall" directory.

Please note that these web-based scripts will often generate a script for you, but you will still need to take that generated script and place at on a floppy or on a remote server and edit the "rc.firewall" directive in the sentry.conf file to point to your new script.

## 6.5 Links to Other Firewall Resources

Netfilter HOWTO
Netfilter FAQ
Netfilter Tutorials

If there are any other resources you think I should add to this section, please email me at Obsid@Sentry.net.

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