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# 13. Screen Manipulation

In this section, we will look into some functions, which allow us to manage the screen efficiently and to write some fancy programs. This is especially important in writing games.

## 13.1. getyx() functions

The function `getyx()` can be used to find out the present cursor co-ordinates. It will fill the values of x and y co-ordinates in the arguments given to it. Since getyx() is a macro you don't have to pass the address of the variables. It can be called as

        getyx(win, y, x);
        /* win: window pointer
         *   y, x: y, x co-ordinates will be put into this variables
         */

The function getparyx() gets the beginning co-ordinates of the sub window relative to the main window. This is some times useful to update a sub window. When designing fancy stuff like writing multiple menus, it becomes difficult to store the menu positions, their first option co-ordinates etc. A simple solution to this problem, is to create menus in sub windows and later find the starting co-ordinates of the menus by using getparyx().

The functions getbegyx() and getmaxyx() store current window's beginning and maximum co-ordinates. These functions are useful in the same way as above in managing the windows and sub windows effectively.

## 13.2. Screen Dumping

While writing games, some times it becomes necessary to store the state of the screen and restore it back to the same state. The function scr_dump() can be used to dump the screen contents to a file given as an argument. Later it can be restored by scr_restore function. These two simple functions can be used effectively to maintain a fast moving game with changing scenarios.

## 13.3. Window Dumping

To store and restore windows, the functions `putwin()` and `getwin()` can be used. `putwin()` puts the present window state into a file, which can be later restored by `getwin()`.

The function `copywin()` can be used to copy a window completely onto another window. It takes the source and destination windows as parameters and according to the rectangle specified, it copies the rectangular region from source to destination window. It's last parameter specifies whether to overwrite or just overlay the contents on to the destination window. If this argument is true, then the copying is non-destructive.

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Interfacing with the mouse |  | Miscellaneous features